良好句式的四大要素（1）

统一、完整的思想内容

1. 关系不密切的内容不应写在同一句中。例如：

As we were driving out into the country, we met a man riding a bicycle, and we passed a truck fully loaded with vegetables, and on our way back we stopped at a grocer’s to get some fruit.

这句话虽然只有一个主语，但其内容并非紧密关联。这句话应该分为三句，使各句分别包含某一方面的内容而体现统一性。可以修改如下：

As we were driving out into our country, we met a man riding a bicycle. Later we passed a truck fully loaded with vegetables. On our way back, we stopped at a grocer’s to get some fruit.

2. 我们不可以把一个不能独立存在的分句或短语作为一个独立句。例如：

I didn’t hear him when he entered. Because I was sleeping soundly.

有的句子从语法结构上看是完整的，但从意义上说却是不完整的。例如：Shanghai is one of the biggest cities. 这个句子就缺少in China这个比较的范围。

3. 复合句中各分句之间由连接词连接。 例如，在 “I am not surprised that he failed in the examination, he had not been working very hard.” 这一句中，前后两个部分显然缺乏必要的联系。我们只有在它们之间加上连接词for 才能显示二者之间的关系。如果错用连接词也会产生句义不清的后果。例如，在 “The patient’s condition got worse when he was given every attention.” 一句中，只要把when 改成though或even though，语义就会变得清楚。有时还由于错误使用句式结构而造成句义不清的情况，例如，并列句 “A well-dressed man admitted us into the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.” 应改为复合句 “A well-dressed man, who we later learned was a thief, admitted us into the house.” 才能表达统一完整的含义。

【即学即练】修改下列各句，使其具有统一、完整的内容和形式。

1. I asked him the direction to the park, and he could not tell me.

2. In the winter we live in the city. While in the summer we go to the country.

3. They opened the door for him to enter, and in a moment I heard them close again with a dull (隐约的) sound, then all became silent once more.

4. The road was built only two years ago and now it is full of holes.

5. We reached home at nine o’clock. Saving three hours by making the trip in a car.

6. My aunt enjoys playing with children, but she is very old.

7. My uncle left home when I was only three years old. But I do not remember him.

8. The palace is different from all other buildings, it is made of iron and glass.

9. There are people live on others, making no contribution to society.

10. Some small countries with a large population such as Japan. They all enjoy very high living standards.

答案

1. I asked him the direction to the park, but he could not tell me.

2. In the winter we live in the city, while in the summer we go to the country.

3. I heard them open the door for him to enter and close it again in a moment with a dull sound, and then all became silent once more.

4. The road built only two years ago is now full of holes.

5. We saved three hours by making the trip in a car and reached home at nine o’clock.

6. My aunt, though very old, enjoys playing with children.

7. I do not remember my uncle, who left home when I was only three years old.

8. Being made of iron and glass, the palace is different from all other buildings.

9. There are people who live on others. They make no contribution to society.

10. Some small countries with a large population such as Japan enjoy very high living standards.

来源：每日英语